de 4 mest lydtette tretypene
Uten spesiell rekkefølge, her er de fire mest lydisolerte tretypene:
1. Kork
Cork is certainly a wood type you'll want to consider for your next soundproofing project if you want to get a bang for your buck. In addition to great acoustic properties, it's natural, eco-friendly, and antimicrobial, making it a cost-effective option for soundproofing your floor against a noisy downstairs neighbor. And if the noisy neighbor lives next door or upstairs, you can use cork to soundproof your walls and ceiling, too!
If you're familiar with wine, you're probably thinking of the plug used to cover a wine bottle. Interestingly, the cork we're talking about in this case is the same material used to make the wine bottle plug. It's extracted from the cork oak tree, which primarily grows in the northwestern parts of Africa and the Iberian Peninsula.
Men hvis kork kommer fra trær, hvordan kan den da være miljøvennlig-?
Cork's sustainability stems from the fact that the trees don't need to be cut down to produce the material. Rather, the bark of the cork oak tree is stripped to make the product, and the trees continue thriving without it.
Hva gjør kork til et godt lydisolerende materiale?
Som nevnt tidligere krever fullstendig lydisolering en kombinasjon av lydblokkering og lyddemping.
In terms of sound blocking, cork isn't necessarily the best option. Effective sound blocking requires a combination of great mass and density. When sound comes across any soundproofing material with these two characteristics, it bounces off, effectively stopping unwanted transmission.
Unfortunately, cork—and wood in general—is lightweight and relatively low on density.
The good news, however, is that cork is great at sound absorption. Generally, sound absorption requires porous materials with plenty of air spaces to trap sound. Thanks to the honeycomb-like cellular structure of cork oak, cork has plenty of such air spaces and is one of the reasons it's often used for insulation and sealing.
To put things into perspective, let's take a look at the latest sound test results, and compare the STC rating of 12mm APC cork to that of the Proflex RCU 250. When tested on 6" (152.4mm) slab, the APC cork gave an STC rating of 72. This is significantly higher than the STC rating of an 8-inch(203.2mm) slab of Proflex RCU, which is about 56.
So while it may not be great at blocking sound, cork's great acoustic properties can help you effectively soundproof your home. In a nutshell, these include:
Sound absorption: due to its small cells, cork has lots of air spaces that help trap sound. In 1cm3 (0.0610237 in³), there are around 40 million cells. Such a high surface area to volume ratio increases porosity and enhances cork's ability to trap and absorb sound—which stops transmission.
Noise reduction: Cork's unique cell structure also helps it reduce sound vibrations. This comes in handy when you want to stop low-frequency sounds from traveling through walls or prevent the impact of your feet from disturbing the downstairs neighbor.
Acoustic Insulation: Cork's great sound absorption capability excels at minimizing acoustic transmission through ceilings, floors, and walls. By absorbing mid to upper frequencies, it prevents echo and reverberation.
2. Akustisk kryssfiner
Similar to cork, acoustic plywood is great at sound absorption, but not so great at sound blocking because it's low on density and mass. That said, this type of wood is great at sound control. It fragments standing sound waves, bounces high frequencies, absorbs bass sound energy, and generally improves sound quality in a room.
Men for å realisere disse fordelene, må akustisk kryssfiner perforeres for å la luft passere og deretter spre lydbølger. Vanligvis bruker produsenter runde, firkantede, kanaliserte eller avlange perforeringer. Noen blander ting for å forbedre estetikk og lydabsorpsjonseffektivitet.
Hva gjør kryssfiner til et godt lydisolerende materiale?
For å forbedre tettheten og vekten kombineres akustisk kryssfiner ofte med andre materialer som Amorim korkgummi for å danne lydisolerte kryssfinerpaneler. Å gjøre dette forbedrer lydblokkeringsevnen til kryssfiner, og resultatet er et panel som kan blokkere og absorbere lyd.
Uten andre tilsetningsstoffer kan akustisk kryssfiner fortsatt tjene som lydkontrollmateriale og brukes ofte i hjemmekino og konsertsaler for å redusere frekvensakustikken og forbedre lydens klarhet.
Når det gjelder lydisolering hjemme, kan du bruke akustisk kryssfiner til å:
Fragment standing sound waves caused by resonance within a room. Typically, resonance amplifies low-frequency sounds, which causes walls to vibrate. So by fragmenting standing sound waves, you can prevent amplification of low-frequency sounds—such as bass from music, for instance—within your room, thus effectively dampening noise.
Absorb bass from loud music. Plywood's NRC rating is higher at low frequencies, meaning it's more effective at absorbing bass and other low-frequency sounds.
Minimize impact vibrations on the ceiling of your downstairs neighbor when you walk around or move items. In addition to its great soundproofing qualities, non-sanded plywood makes a great material for sheathing floors because it's cheaper and resists moisture better than many commonly used materials, including MDF.
Reduser ekko og lyd etterklang. Ved å spre lydbølger, forhindrer akustisk kryssfiner ekko og lyd etterklang.
3. Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
MDF er en type konstruert tre som er laget ved å smelte sammen nedbrutte-nåltre eller hardvedfibre med harpiksbindemiddel og voks under varme og trykk for å lage paneler. Trepaneler med denne typen konstruksjon er vanligvis tettere og sterkere enn andre typer produsert tre, som sponplater og kryssfiner.
In terms of soundproofing, few wood products come as close to drywall as MDF. That's because it shares several important characteristics with drywall, most apparently the thickness, STC rating, and density. In fact, its 720 kg/m3-rated density is higher than the approximate density of drywall, which is about 650 kg/m3.
Despite its excellent acoustic qualities, MDF has its fair share of drawbacks as a soundproofing material. It's highly flammable, absorbs moisture quickly, and hard to work with. It also releases VOCs when you cut it due to the adhesives used to hold the wood strands together.
På den lyse siden er MDF veldig sterk, noe som gjør det til et flott alternativ for lydisoleringsprosjekter som krever strukturell stivhet.
Hva gjør MDF god til lydisolering?
MDF's excellent soundproofing capabilities are courtesy of its high density, thickness, and STC rating. With such characteristics, it can effectively contain all sound frequencies, something that many wood products struggle to achieve.
And since it's made of wood, it can also absorb sound, making it one of the best types of soundproof wood if you're looking for complete noise isolation.
4. Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
Like MDF, OSB is created by pressing various wood strands together and securing them in place using adhesives. That means like the MDF, OSB may emit VOCs when you cut it. However, it doesn't absorb moisture as quickly as MDF. On the contrary, it's very slow to absorb water, making it an ideal soundproofing material in areas where moisture may be a problem.
OSB is also cheaper, despite sharing similar soundproofing properties with MDF and drywall. So if you're looking for a cheaper alternative to MDF or drywall, this may be it.
Hva gjør OSB til et godt lydisolerende materiale?
Takket være sin høye tetthet og masse, kan OSB blokkere lyd for å redusere overføringen fra ett rom til et annet, spesielt når det kombineres med andre materialer som glassull. Men dens evne til å blokkere lyd er beundringsverdig; lydabsorpsjonen er det som virkelig skiller seg ut.
In one study, researchers tested three types of OSB wallboard for sound absorption and reverberation, and the results compared to those of concrete and brick. The findings showed that rooms insulated with OSB wallboards (made of OSB wood, glass wool, and air) were better at absorbing sound than brick and concrete buildings. This was particularly true for low-frequency sound.
Based on these findings and the fact that OSB has an impressive STC Rating, it's safe to conclude that OSB wood can get the job done when it comes to soundproofing—especially when combined with other materials.
Hvordan velge det mest lydtette treet
Siden ulike tretyper gir ulik grad av lydisolering, kan det være vanskelig å velge den som passer best for prosjektet ditt.
For å hjelpe deg, her er tre viktige hensyn du må huske på når du kjøper det mest lydisolerte treverket:
Slagisolasjonsklassen (IIC)
As you shop around for soundproof wood, you might come across a number that indicates the ICC rating for the product in question. This is a measure of how well a floor/ceiling can resist the transmission of impact or structure-borne noise. In simpler terms, it indicates how easily a particular type of wood will let sound vibration travel through your floor to your downstairs neighbor's room.
At the very least, you'll want a wood type with an IIC rating of 50. Not only will this minimize noise disturbances, but also ensure compliance with building code requirements.
Støyreduksjonskoeffisienten (NRC)
NRC er industristandardmålet på hvor effektivt et materiale er til å absorbere lyd, og varierer fra 0.00 til 1.00.
An NRC of 0.00 indicates that the material in question doesn't attenuate any sound, but rather reflects it. On the other hand, a soundproofing product with an NRC of 1 will absorb all the sound energy with absolutely no reflection.
So if you see a soundproofing material with an NRC rating of 0.75, for instance, it means it will absorb 75 percent of the sound and reflect 25 percent of all the sound energy it's confronted with.
Since reflected sound creates echo and reverberation, a material with a higher NRC rating is always recommended. That's especially true if you're looking to construct a home studio. With a lower NRC rating, the sound would reflect off the walls, and the resultant crashing of sound waves would create a continuous sound cacophony that'd make it impossible to distinguish individual words.
For anstendig lydabsorpsjon, se etter produkter med en NRC-vurdering mellom {{0}}.4 og 0.5.
Lydoverføringsklassen (STC)
STC-vurderingen er et mål på hvor godt en skillevegg i en bygning reduserer luftbåren støy. I USA er denne vurderingen mye brukt for å evaluere effektiviteten til lydisolerende materialer som brukes i vinduer, dører, tak, gulv, ytterveggkonfigurasjoner og innvendige veggskillevegger.
With regard to wood soundproofing, the STC reduction of any given wood type is a rough estimation of the net decibel noise reduction it will provide if you use it in a partition. It's a rating you'll want to pay attention to, especially if you're looking to insulate a room against speech sounds.
For music, noise from machines, or any other sounds with a lower frequency than speech, you'll be better off using another rating such as the NRC or IIC. That's because the STC rating doesn't accurately capture a material's ability to reduce low-frequency airborne noise.
As is the case with NRC and IIC, the higher the STC rating, the more effective the wood type in question will be at reducing airborne noise. To attenuate loud speech, you'll need something with a rating of about 40 to 50. But if you're looking for complete noise isolation, you'll want to go with an STC rating of 50 and above.
Oppsummering
Støykontroll innebærer å kontrollere naturen og kvaliteten på lyden som produseres i et rom og forhindre uønsket lydoverføring gjennom en kombinasjon av lydabsorpsjon og lydblokkeringsteknikker.
Generally, wood is good at sound absorption because it's porous, with plenty of air spaces to trap sound. However, it's not so great at blocking sound because of the low density and mass. To address this, manufactured wood types such as Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF) are engineered with high density and mass while retaining the natural porosity of wood.
De mest lydisolerte tretypene er:
Kork
Akustisk kryssfiner
Medium Density Fiberboard (MDF)
Oriented Strand Board (OSB)
For å velge mest lydisolert tre, må du vurdere slagisolasjonsklassen (IIC), støyreduksjonskoeffisienten (NRC) og lydoverføringsklassen (STC).
